Mapping the intellectual landscape: an exploratory analysis of intellectual property rights and firm performance

Purpose This study investigates the complex relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) and firm performance, highlighting the historical and evolving trends, key issues and increasing interest of shareholders in the role of IPR. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a bibliometric analysis combined with a PRISMA-based systematic literature review to examine the evolution of IPRs and their influence on firm performance. It further proposes a conceptual framework that identifies key antecedents, mediators, moderators and outcomes – emphasizing how patents, trademarks and copyrights shape innovation, R&D activities, competitive positioning and sustainability-oriented strategies. Findings This study reveals that distinct forms of IPR protection significantly impact firm performance metrics, influencing innovation, competitive positioning and strategic investment in R&D. The analysis demonstrates that effective IPR management can enhance market competitiveness, thus attracting shareholder interest in developed markets. Additionally, the study identifies significant themes and keywords critical to advancing future research on IPR’s influence on firm performance. Practical implications The research highlights practical insights for managers and policymakers in leveraging IPR as a tool to drive innovation, enhance market competitiveness and support sustainable development goals through R&D investments and strategic IP management. Originality/value The research provides a comprehensive examination of the antecedents and consequences of IPR on firm performance. It contributes to the extant literature by establishing a foundation for future studies on the intersection of innovation, IPR and firm performance, serving as a reference for scholars and practitioners interested in IPR strategy and its impact on organizational success.