BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN SOYBEAN PLANTS AND SEEDS CAUSED BY VIRAL INFECTION

. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a significant source of protein and nutrients and is used in many healthy food products. It is known that soybean is susceptible to damage by viruses, such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV). Infection by SMV has a negative effect on the soybean productivity and seed quality. The goal of research was to study the impact of infection by soybean mosaic virus on biochemical composition of soybean plants and seed quality. Testing of soybean plants from Odesa region for the presence of the most destructive viruses showed an appearance of symptoms of crinkle and mosaic of the leaf blade. The results of DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR have shown that the plants are infected by SMV. Standard and adapted methods of biochemical analysis were used for research of biochemical composition of soybean plants and seed. Isolation and identification of main soybean storage protein was carried out using methods developed in the laboratory (Pat #42181, 107671). Electrophoresis of proteins was performed in 15% PAGE using Laemmli method. It has been established that infection by SMV isolates Odesytka-24-Ukr and Vasylkivska-24-Ukr caused changes in the biochemical characteristics (content of protein, main storage protein fractions (glycinin and β-conglycinin), fat, carbohydrates, flavonoids, fat acid composition, electrophoretic spectra of glycinin and β-conglycinin, activity of lectin, lipoxygenase, trypsin inhibitor) in the leaves of plants in the flowering phase and seed. These changes depend on the soybean variety. The obtained results can be used for development of the methods of soybean varieties selection with high seed quality and resilience to viral infection) and will be recommended for implementation in breeding program for creation of soybean varieties for production of high-quality food products