Adaptive Capacity and Climate Change Impacts in Agro-ecological zones of Taraba State, Nigeria

Climate change threatens agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa, where communities are heavily dependent on climate-sensitive resources. Taraba State, Nigeria, with its diverse agro-ecological zones, provides a unique setting for examining how adaptive capacity varies across ecological contexts. Data were collected from 1,067 household heads across seven Local Government Areas using questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and field observations. Adaptive capacity was measured using five livelihood indicators: wealth, farm inputs, availability of infrastructure and institutions, irrigation potential, and literacy level. A five-point Likert scale and Chi-square test were employed to assess and compare adaptive capacity across agro-ecological zones. Findings indicate significant variation in adaptive capacity across zones. Communities with higher access to infrastructure, irrigation, and education exhibited stronger resilience, while poorer and more remote communities were found to be more vulnerable. The results also reveal that socio-economic conditions strongly influence adaptation practices, with literacy and institutional support emerging as critical factors. Strengthening livelihood assets and enhancing institutional frameworks are vital for building climate resilience in Taraba State. The study provides evidence for policymakers to design localized adaptation strategies tailored to the ecological and socio-economic realities of Nigeria’s diverse regions.