Study on Collaborative Path of Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Universities-Taking Chengdu as an Example

Guided by the innovation-driven development strategy, universities play a crucial role in advancing scientific and technological achievements yet face persistent obstacles in their commercialization. Focusing on four types of universities in Chengdu, this study identifies four distinct pathways of technology commercialization and analyzes their differentiated strategies. A comparative examination further reveals the shared features of cross-level university collaboration, from which a four-dimensional framework is constructed, covering collaborative entities, organizational structures, resource allocation, and institutional mechanisms. The study argues for the establishment of cross-level collaborative platforms to optimize resources, integrate industry–academia–research–application linkages, improve technology transfer efficiency, and foster the high-quality development of regional innovation ecosystems.