Histological Studies on The Cecum and The Distal Part of Ileum in Quail with Special Reference to The Ileo-Ceco-Colic Junction

The cecum of quail considered a good model for understanding the cecal physiology in domestic birds, namely the intestinal type. The aim of this study was to describe the histological structure of the distal part of ileum, and the cecum with special reference to the ileocecocolic junction. A total of twelv adult male quails were used in the present study. The distal ileum showed short villi, which became higher with deeper intestinal crypts at level of ilieocecocolic junction. The proximal cecum had long villus-like mucosal folds, and deep intestinal-like crypts. Cecal tonsils were observed near the cecal entrance. The distal cecum presented a peculiar microanatomic feature of internal sacculation, which may help in fermentation and absorption of digesta. A circular band of smooth muscles was found beneath the lamina propria-submucosa in both the ileum and cecum. This band may work as a sphincter muscle that regulate the passage of digested substances. In conclusion, the distal ileum and cecum in quails showed several adaptations that may play a role in regulating the fermentation and absorption process, as well as the passage of digesta.