Role of moisturizers and cleansers in managing pediatric eczema

Pediatric eczema, which is mainly constituted by atopic dermatitis, is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin condition in children characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It significantly impacts quality of life and poses a therapeutic challenge due to its relapsing nature and varying severity. Nonpharmacologic treatments, especially moisturizers and cleansers, are essential components in managing pediatric eczema. Two key skincare categories with significant dermatologic relevance are cleansers and moisturizers, including their role in pediatric eczema. Moisturizers are a vital component of a dermatologist’s armamentarium, yet surprisingly little is written about them, and even less is truly understood. The market is flooded with a wide array of skincare products, many of which lack solid scientific validation. Although often dismissed as mere cosmetics, these products play a recognized role in managing various skin conditions. In today’s dermatological practice, it is essential for professionals to have a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of action, appropriate usage, dosing, and potential side effects. Cleansers may consist of alkaline soaps or milder synthetic detergents, commonly referred to as syndets, which are less damaging to the skin barrier. Syndets tend to cause less skin irritation and dryness, likely due to their lower propensity to denature proteins. This effect is attributed to the charge density of surfactant aggregates that resemble micelles and bind to proteins. This review explores the role of moisturizers and cleansers, highlighting their mechanisms, types, usage recommendations, and impact on disease control and quality of life.