Ameliorative Effect of Spirulina Platensis Against Deltamethrin-Induced Hepatic Toxicity in Male Rats

The current investigation examined the ameliorative effects of Spirulina platensis (SP) vs. deltamethrin (DM)-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. 32 adult male albino rats have been separated into four groups: control, SP, DM, and SP+DM. The DM and SP+DM groups received deltamethrin (30 milligrams/kilogram body weight/day) from day 30 to 40, while the SP and SP+DM groups were administered spirulina (1000 milligrams/kilogram body weight/day) throughout the 40-day study. Results demonstrated significantly elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), reduced total protein and albumin, increased hepatic MDA, IL-6, TNF-α levels and depleted hepatic antioxidants (GSH, SOD) in the DM group. Serum CRP, α-fetoprotein and lipid profile (cholesterol, TAG, LDL-c) were elevated, with HDL-c decreased. Histopathological examination reflects biochemical results as revealed severe hepatic degeneration in the DM group. However, spirulina co-treatment (SP+DM) significantly mitigated these effects by reducing liver enzyme levels, improving antioxidant status, decreasing inflammatory cytokines, and alleviating lipid profile alterations. The SP+DM group also demonstrated fewer histopathological changes compared to the DM group. These findings highlight the substantial amelioration offered by Spirulina platensis vs. deltamethrin-induced toxicity, likely due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study indicates that spirulina has potential as a therapeutic agent and suggests its use as a natural remedy to mitigate the hepatotoxicity caused by deltamethrin exposure.