Cable solutions for Ocean Energy: Latest design configurations, failure modes, and monitoring methods

Subsea cables are critical system components that enable operation of ocean energy technology devices. For technology demonstration of ocean-based energy systems through to commercial arrays of devices, due consideration must be given to the cable architecture to reduce single points of failure. This paper discusses potential cable architecture options applicable to i) three wave energy converter types; ii) two tidal energy types; and iii) ocean thermal energy converters. Risks, lessons learnt, historical failure data, and analogous experience from the offshore wind and oil and gas sectors are presented and interpreted for the aforementioned ocean energy converter systems. Finally, monitoring solutions and integrity management of subsea power cables systems are discussed in the context of pre-commercial projects. This paper is intended to provide a summary of the subsea cable technologies available and guidance for researchers and developers who are contemplating the first or subsequent deployment of a marine energy concept that includes power export to shore.