Formats and conditions of handgun use by Ukrainian armed forces servicemembers in combat operations

account the specifics of modern military operations, particularly under conditions of spatial limitation. The study is based on an analysis of practical experience in the combat use of handguns in real battle conditions in eastern and southern Ukraine, as well as on the systematization of the tactical and technical characteristics of pistols and revolvers. As a result of the study, it was established that short-barreled firearms effectively serve as the primary means of firepower in trenches, enclosed spaces, and rear operations, where long-barreled weapons prove ineffective due to their dimensions and limited maneuverability. It was revealed that compactness, quick accessibility, and holster ergonomics are critically important for immediate response in close combat, especially during unexpected encounters at distances of just a few meters. It was determined that the use of quick-release holsters with magnetic locks reduces weapon draw time by 20%, while ensuring secure retention during dynamic maneuvers in trenches or urban zones. It was also found that handguns play a key role as a backup weapon in cases of main weapon failure, providing the soldier with both psychological confidence and tactical flexibility. The practical value of the research lies in the development of recommendations for the optimal selection of handgun types and configurations depending on the combat environment. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the systematization of tactical formats of handgun use with a focus on modern combat realities, particularly in conditions of trench warfare and densely confined zones of engagement. A comprehensive approach is proposed for assessing ergonomic and technical aspects, which includes an analysis of quick accessibility, modularity, and weapon adaptability to dynamic combat scenarios.