Recent Advances of Luminescence Mechanisms and Biomedical Applications of Mechanoluminescent Materials

Abstract Since the discovery of mechanoluminescence it has undergone decades of development and has been widely applied in various fields including sensing anti-counterfeiting and structural detection.However the application of mechanoluminescent materials in biomedical fields is still in its early stages with relatively few reports available.This paper first introduces advanced strategies for synthesizing mechanoluminescent materials and system atically discusses several typical mechanoluminescence mechanisms with a focus on trap-controlled mechanolumi nescence.Additionally it presents the recently developed novel mechanoluminescence models based on chemilumi nescence and bioluminescence.Furthermore this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of mechanoluminescent materials in biomedical fields including biosensing near-infrared bioimaging optogenetic neuromodulation and disease treatment.Lastly this paper summarizes the major challenges faced by mechanolumi nescent materials in biomedical applications and proposes their future research directions.