An investigation of the benefits of adopting global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in mining operations

The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is expanding rapidly across multiple sectors due to advancements in efficiency, reliability, and accuracy. These technologies are increasingly applied in mining, agriculture, construction, surveillance, and emergency response, offering capabilities such as high-resolution mapping, precision monitoring, and access to hard-to-reach areas. This study investigates the benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and UAVs in mining operations, with a specific focus on FQM Trident Ltd in Zambia. A qualitative case study approach was employed, utilizing open-ended questionnaires administered to personnel within the Technical Services department at FQM Trident Mine. The findings reveal that GNSS and UAV technologies enhance time efficiency in surveying, support effective decision-making, and contribute to resource optimization through improved accuracy and operational continuity. However, several challenges were identified, including high acquisition costs, a shortage of skilled operators, resistance to technological change, and regulatory constraints. Despite these barriers, the study concludes that the integration of GNSS and UAVs presents significant operational advantages for mining firms. It recommends increased investment in these technologies, capacity-building for operators, and policy reforms to facilitate wider adoption. Future research may explore the application of GNSS and UAVs in the agricultural sector to evaluate their broader impact and potential benefits