Analytical Approaches to Phytochemical Profiling of Jasminum grandiflorum White Pitchi genotype: FTIR and GC–MS Studies on Stem Extracts

Plants have long served as a rich source of raw materials for pharmaceuticals, contributing significantly to both traditional and modern medicine. The present study focused on the phytochemical profiling of stems from a novel White Flower Bud genotype of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (WF), aiming to explore its potential for pharmacological applications. Methanolic extracts of the stems were subjected to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, which revealed the presence of 16 bioactive compounds. These identified compounds are known to exhibit diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, underscoring their medicinal relevance. Compound identification was achieved through standard protocols and verified using Willey and NIST libraries, while Dr. Duke’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases were consulted to confirm their biological functions. Additionally, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to detect the functional groups and structural features of these secondary metabolites, providing valuable qualitative and quantitative insights into the biomolecular composition. Phytochemical screening of stem and leaf extracts (using n hexane, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous solvents) confirmed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and reducing sugars. However, their distribution varied across different extracts. The FTIR analysis supported these findings by revealing characteristic peaks corresponding to these metabolites. Overall, this investigation demonstrates that the novel Jasminum grandiflorum (White Flower type) genotype is a rich reservoir of bioactive compounds. The results highlight its promising role in the development of natural therapeutic agents and its potential contribution to the ongoing search for plant based pharmaceutical resources.