Comparative analysis of the “sky and related words” section in the manuscripts Tarjumon Turki and Bulgʿatil Mushtaq

This study presents a detailed comparative analysis of two significant medieval Turkic manuscripts: Bulghatil Mushtaq, authored by Jaml al-Dn al-Turk in the 14th century, and Tarjumon Turki, an anonymous work whose author remains unknown.Both manuscripts function as scientific dictionaries intended to assist Arabic-speaking learners in acquiring the Turkic language, thereby reflecting the historical significance and widespread use of Turkic languages from the 11th to the 14th centuries.The research explores a range of linguistic features, including vocabulary selection, semantic nuances, lexical differences, and the cultural contexts embedded within the texts.Bulghatil Mushtaq primarily emphasizes religious, cosmological, and scientific terminology, offering clear explanations of fundamental meanings within a defined cultural framework.In contrast, Tarjumon Turki provides a broader linguistic scope, addressing word origins, synonyms, dialectal variants, and etymological insights.This comprehensive coverage indicates differing purposes and methodological approaches, with Tarjumon Turki aiming to present an expansive overview of the Turkic lexicon across various regional dialects.Furthermore, both manuscripts reveal substantial linguistic interactions between Turkic and Persian, highlighting the dynamic cultural exchanges of the time.They capture phonetic and lexical variations that reflect regional speech patterns and dialectal diversity, offering valuable resources for historical linguistics and philological research.The comparative approach adopted in this study underscores how these works not only facilitated language instruction but also preserved key elements of linguistic and cultural heritage.By examining these manuscripts in parallel, the study provides meaningful insights into the development of medieval Turkic languages and scholarly practices of the era.It affirms the enduring relevance of these texts for modern researchers in linguistics, history, ethnography, and cultural studies, demonstrating how medieval lexicons serve as vital windows into the intellectual and social landscapes of the past.