Nanomaterials for the remediation of microplastics in wastewater

The extensive and expansive use of plastic has caused the incorporation of microplastics into soil and water. Due to their persistence and nearly indestructible nature, microplastics in wastewater pose an environmental crisis and a potential risk to ecosystems as well as human health. Recent advances in nanotechnology have produced a range of tailored nanomaterials that present powerful new strategies for capturing and breaking down microplastic particles. Distinguished by their high surface area, customizable surface chemistry, and synergistic adsorption and degradation mechanisms, nanomaterials offer favourable solutions for microplastic remediation through adsorption, photocatalysis and membrane filtration. The efficiency of these methods depends on several factors, such as the type of microplastic, water chemistry, and surface interactions. This review explores the application and mechanisms of various classes of nanomaterials, underlining their benefits and drawbacks for microplastic remediation. The integration of nanotechnology into wastewater treatment systems presents a promising approach toward efficient, scalable, and sustainable microplastic removal, promoting cleaner aquatic conditions and improved ecosystem health.