Synthesis of Aziridinium Lead Iodide Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films

Hybrid lead halide perovskites have significant attention as light‐absorbing materials for photovoltaic applications. Among them, aziridinium‐based halide perovskites remain relatively unexplored in the synthesis and characterization of aziridinium lead iodide (AzrPbI 3 ). In this study, the successful deposition of AzrPbI 3 thin films via a vapor‐assisted spin‐coating method is presented. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of a crystalline perovskite phase, exhibiting prominent reflections corresponding to the (100), (200), and (210) lattice planes. Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy reveals film thicknesses of ≈3 μm. UV–vis absorption spectroscopy indicates strong and broad absorption across the visible spectrum, with a sharp absorption onset near 850 nm. The estimated optical bandgap of 1.49 eV falls within the optimal range for single‐junction solar cell efficiency. Furthermore, electronic structure analysis using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy shows that the valence band maximum (VBM) is located at –5.25 eV, and the conduction band minimum (CBM) at –3.76 eV, suggesting a favorable energy‐level alignment for efficient charge extraction.