Developing a Lean implementation framework for SMEs through case research

Purpose: The implementation of Lean Manufacturing (LM) is a challenge for many companies and especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) which, despite the potential of LM, still find it difficult to implement it correctly. The aim of this article is to present a new framework that allows SMEs to implement LM correctly and to obtain the expected result.Design/methodology/approach: A theoretical approach to LM implementation has been developed, including Critical Success Factors (CSFs) to be considered during implementation. The framework has been validated using case research methodology.Findings: A literature review has been carried out to identify the main gaps in the current frameworks for LM implementation. Thus, it has been concluded that there is no framework that is adapted to the specific characteristics and needs of each SME. The analysis also reveals that the appropriate selection of lean tools is a critical issue for the successful implementation of LM. Research limitations/implications: The framework has been validated through its application in 6 industrial companies. Further research should be carried out to take into account service companies as well.Practical implications: Managers, practitioners and researchers can have a framework for successful LM implementation.Social implications: The correct implementation of LM enables companies to achieve a sustainable improvement of their performance, which contributes positively to society.Originality/value: To the author's knowledge, this is the only framework that is adapted to the characteristics of SMEs, that allows the selection of LM tools according to their needs and that also includes the CSFs to be considered