Integrating systematic review and instrument development: A study on library usage anxiety and satisfaction in Chinese higher education

This study explores the dual focus of conducting a systematic review and developing a validated instrument to assess library anxiety and satisfaction among university students. A systematic search was conducted across major academic databases, including Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines and using predefined keyword combinations. Studies published between 2019 and 2024 were analyzed to ensure contemporary relevance, with 15 eligible studies included in the final review. The findings highlight key themes in library anxiety, such as environmental factors, technological challenges, and resource accessibility, as well as aspects influencing library satisfaction, including service quality, facilities, and policies. Grounded in the SERVQUAL Model this study evaluates students’ perceptions of service quality in university libraries by assessing tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. This instrument offers a novel approach by integrating both anxiety and satisfaction metrics, distinguishing it from existing tools. To enhance library experiences and mitigate anxiety, several actionable recommendations are proposed. Libraries should improve physical environments by incorporating quiet zones and flexible study spaces to reduce environmental stressors. Enhancing technological support through intuitive navigation systems and real-time chat assistance can help students overcome accessibility challenges. While this study primarily focuses on Chinese higher education, its findings hold broader implications for university libraries in diverse educational settings. Future research could explore cross-cultural comparisons to develop generalizable best practices, ensuring global applicability. By providing both theoretical insights and practical solutions, this study contributes to the improvement of university library services and offers a foundation for further research aimed at enhancing students' academic experiences. • Integration of systematic review and instrument development to examine library usage anxiety and satisfaction among Chinese university students. • Use of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 and Kano Model. • Identified the eight key dimensions that capture the complex interplay of factors influencing students' library experiences.: Environment, Academic Pressure, Social Pressure, Resource Accessibility, Technology, Library Services, Library Facilities, and Library Policies.