Toward the Definition of Best Practices in Collaboration for Digital Transformation in Construction

This paper aims to clarify the real meaning and relevance of collaboration for digital transformation in the construction industry. An exploratory approach, using a qualitative study through open-ended in-depth (n=13) semistructured interviews was chosen. The question “What does collaboration look like in the real world of digitalized construction projects” was posed to architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry experts representing middle- and senior-level management from large construction projects. Content analysis of the existing literature, standards, nation-specific guidelines, and documents pertaining to collaboration, and thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews was analyzed using NVivo to form concept maps. The findings for the definition of collaboration included multiple parties’ involvement and workflows in place. From the collaborative behaviors and practices within the alliance work and integrated process, two key themes emerged, i.e., self-managing teams and open-mindedness toward problem resolution. Additionally, the association of an appropriate procurement strategy involved relationship within the collaboration phenomenon. On the role of technology in collaboration, collectively all the experts confirmed that building information modeling (BIM) and email communications, cloud environment and Microsoft Teams facilitated smooth collaborative workflows. The findings from the thematic data analysis in the form of project and concept maps reveal the key emergent themes that necessitate collaboration and interdependencies toward the best practice for digital transformation in the construction industry.