State-of-the-art review of machine learning applications for bridge inspections

Traditional bridge inspection methods, such as visual inspections and basic non-destructive tests, remain foundational but face limitations due to labor intensity and dependency on inspector expertise, often resulting in inconsistencies. Machine learning (ML) tools offer transformative solutions by enabling the analysis of large datasets to enhance damage detection accuracy, optimize maintenance schedules, and improve resource allocation. The objective of this study was to explore the integration of advanced inspection tools, such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), digital imaging, and fiber optic sensors, with ML models to enhance data accuracy, decision-making, and inspection rating efficiency. A state-of-the-art review is conducted in this study on the application of ML techniques in bridge inspection and maintenance, encompassing 60 articles and reports published in the last decade. The results of this study show that ML’s ability to integrate advanced inspection tools to improve data accuracy, decision-making, and inspection efficiency. However, the existing challenges persist in data quality, model generalization, and the need for standardization approaches across diverse bridge conditions. The review provides insights into current methodologies, benefits, limitations, and future directions, emphasizing ML’s pivotal role in modernizing bridge health monitoring for a safer and more sustainable infrastructure network. The findings of this study are expected to assist transportation agencies in planning and operating predictive maintenance strategies, focusing on damage detection, maintenance optimization, and resource allocation.