Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using AHP, Frequency Ratio, and LSI Models: Understanding Topographical Controls in Hanang District, Tanzania

This study evaluates landslide susceptibility in Hanang District, Manyara Region, Tanzania, using three approaches: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR), and Landslide Susceptibility Index. A total of 11 environmental and anthropogenic factors were analyzed, with 5879 landslide events identified from satellite imagery to create an inventory map for training and testing. Model performance was assessed using Area Under the Curve (AUC), Consistency Ratio, and Prediction Rate, while multicollinearity among factors was evaluated through Tolerance (TOL) and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). Results indicate that the Analytic Hierarchy Process model outperformed Frequency Ratio and Landslide Susceptibility Index, achieving an Area Under the Curve of 0.88, demonstrating strong predictive capability. Slope, elevation, and geology were identified as the most influential factors. The susceptibility maps developed in this study aim to support policymakers and disaster management authorities in climate adaptation and risk reduction efforts, contributing to Sustainable Development Goal 13 (Climate Action). Limitations include reliance on remotely sensed data for landslide inventory, which may omit smaller events or introduce classification errors.