Design of experiments for cost optimization of a glucose assay using a coupled enzymatic reaction: a practical laboratory course

Abstract Statistical design of experiments (DoE) is a key method for the systematic planning, execution, and analysis of experiments. In academia, it enables efficient scientific study design, particularly in the natural and engineering sciences, by identifying complex relationships between variables while reducing experimental effort. In industry, especially in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and manufacturing sectors, DoE is used to optimize processes, identify critical parameters, ensure quality, and meet regulatory standards. It supports resource conservation, shortens development times, enhances product quality, and reduces costs. This laboratory practical is offered to Master’s students in the Chemical Technology and Biotechnology program. It aims to lower the cost of a glucose assay while ensuring a robust response signal that enables the safe detection of 0.125 mM d -glucose by employing an enzyme activity model. Students first design an efficient experimental plan using DoE software, followed by hands-on implementation of the experiments and statistical evaluation of the results. Through this process, they learn to apply DoE for optimizing complex, multivariable systems, and will develop a comprehensive understanding of the effect that various factors and their interactions have on the response signal. The skills and insights gained are broadly transferable to a range of experimental and industrial challenges, particularly in the natural sciences.