Gender differences in health, disease development and life expectancy and approaches to the choice of health-saving technologies

The average life expectancy as a comprehensive indicator reflects a significant gap between men and women. In Russia, men live 10 years less and die more often at working age. Differences in life expectancy and morbidity in different countries do not depend on the level of economic development and health models, which indicates the biological and social determinism of such patterns. The presented review examines the influence of biological and social factors on the reduction of men’s life expectancy. Gender-based approaches to the assessment of risk factors that worsen health are proposed. It is assumed that increasing men’s motivation to maintain their health should be the basis of preventive measures for the purpose of early detection of diseases, saving health and quality of life. Rehabilitation programs must take into account the biological and socio-cultural characteristics of men, as well as the principles of personalized medicine.