Tri‐Modal Anticancer Strategies with Doxorubicin‐Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Integrating Chemo and Magneto‐Photothermal Therapeutic Effects

In this study, the potential of maghemite (γ‐Fe 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalized with doxorubicin (DOX) is explored for chemo‐magneto‐photothermal therapy in cancer treatment. MNPs are functionalized through electrostatic interactions or disulfide bonds, achieving high drug‐loading efficiencies. The trimodal approach combines magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), photothermal therapy (PTT) and local chemotherapy, utilizing low and clinically relevant doses. Thermal treatments induced controlled temperature increases, triggering pH‐sensitive DOX release in the acidic environments typical of tumors. Efficient uptake of DOX‐loaded MNPs is observed, and their structural integrity is confirmed using advanced synchrotron spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity assays show that MHT and PTT together enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to free DOX, while minimizing toxicity to healthy cells. This study demonstrates that combining thermal therapies with controlled drug release provides a promising strategy for improving cancer treatment outcomes. The findings highlight the potential clinical application of multifunctional nanoparticle systems for targeted, low‐toxicity cancer therapies, advancing the path toward more effective and accessible treatments.