Comparative socio-economic analysis and green transition perspectives in the green hydrogen economy of Sub-Saharan Africa and South America countries

The global shift toward a green hydrogen economy requires diversifying production beyond the Middle East and North Africa, where political, logistical, and water constraints limit long-term supply. This study provides a comparative socio-economic assessment of Sub-Saharan African and South American countries, focusing on their readiness for large-scale green hydrogen development. A Green Economy Index (GEI) was developed, integrating political/regulatory efficiency, socio-economic status, infrastructure, and sustainability indicators. In addition, public perception was examined through a survey conducted in Nigeria. Results show GEI scores ranging from 0.328 to 0.744, with Germany as the benchmark. Brazil, Uruguay, and Namibia emerge as the most promising cases due to strong renewable energy potential, socio-economic stability, and supportive policies, though each faces specific challenges such as transport logistics (Brazil and Uruguay) or water scarcity (Namibia). Nigeria demonstrates significant potential but is constrained by weak infrastructure and public safety concerns. Cameroon, Angola, and Gabon display moderate performance but require policy and investment reforms. By combining macro-level readiness analysis with social acceptance insights, the study highlights opportunities and barriers for diversifying global hydrogen supply chains and advancing sustainable energy transitions in emerging regions. • Developed a Green Economy Index integrating socio-economic and sustainability factors. • Compared hydrogen readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa and South America with Germany. • Brazil, Uruguay, and Namibia identified as frontrunners for green hydrogen transition. • Nigeria survey reveals strong potential but safety concerns and infrastructure limits. • Results highlight need for region-specific strategies to diversify global hydrogen supply.