Tri-Element Terahertz Antenna Design with Enhanced Spectral Convergence for Future Wireless Systems

This paper represents a compact and high-performing microstrip antenna utilizing a three-element array specifically engineered to operate within the terahertz frequency band for 6G wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna features a three-element copper structure on a 1.6μm quartz substrate and operates efficiently across four resonance frequencies: 4.038THz, 6.642THz, 9.722THz, and 12.13THz. At these frequencies, it achieves reflection coefficient values of -30dB, -35dB, -26dB, and -28dB, respectively, along with low VSWR values of 1.07, 1.04, 1.11, and 1.08, indicating excellent impedance matching. The antenna also provides wide bandwidths of 130GHz, 270GHz, 407GHz, and 628GHz at the corresponding bands. The main lobe gains are 4.16dBi, 7.73dBi, 5.89dBi, and 9.08dBi, with side lobe levels kept low at –3.9dBi, –4.1dBi, –1.9dBi, and –14.7dBi, ensuring high directional performance and efficiency.These features make the design well-suited for advanced applications such as 6G communications, medical imaging, security screening, space exploration, environmental sensing, and high-speed on-chip data transfer, highlighting its strong potential for next-generation wireless systems.