Optimization Configuration Method of Energy Storage in Mountainous Distribution Networks Based on Voltage Sensitivity

Under the background of the “dual-carbon goals”, the reasonable deployment of distributed energy storage (DES) plays a crucial role in enhancing the security and operational stability of power systems facing large-scale access of distributed generation(DG). To address this, a bi-level optimization strategy for DES siting and sizing based on voltage sensitivity analysis is proposed in this study. Initially, nodes with high voltage sensitivity are identified to narrow down the candidate locations for storage installation. Then, a hierarchical optimization model is constructed: the upper-level focuses on minimizing the investment cost of energy storage to determine its optimal location and capacity, while the lower-level aims to minimize both operational cost and voltage deviation by optimizing the charging and discharging behavior of the storage units. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed model. Simulation is conducted on the IEEE 33-bus distribution system to validate the method. The results demonstrate that this approach effectively reduces network losses and enhances the reliability and stability of power grid operations.