Low-Carbon Oriented Optimal Dispatch for Virtual Power Plants Incorporating P2G-CCS-Energy Storage Synergy

To address the challenges of renewable energy integration and carbon emission mitigation, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for virtual power plants (VPP) integrating carbon capture systems (CCS), power-to-gas (P2G) conversion, and energy storage devices. Compared to conventional standalone CCS plants, the proposed framework est ablishes a synergistic integrated tripartite coupling framework encompassing CCS, P2G, and micro gas turbines (MGT). The $\mathbf{c}$ aptured CO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> is either geologically sequestered or utilized as feed stock for P2G, with the synthesized methane subsequently fueling MGT, thereby forming a closed-loop carbon resource utiliz ation mechanism. Through coordinated VPP scheduling, the load-shifting capability of energy storage devices mitigates renew able energy intermittency, while optimized Wind, PV dispatch reduces power curtailment, significantly enhancing overall system reliability. The formulated high-dimensional nonlinear opti mization model is efficiently solved using the GUROBI solver. Simulation results demonstrate that: 1) The proposed model effe ctively suppresses renewable energy fluctuations through peak shaving and valley filling, with observable mitigation of wind $/ \mathbf{P}$ V curtailment phenomena; 2) Compared to conventional dispatch strategies, both carbon emission intensity and operational costs are synergistically reduced, achieving a balanced optimization of environmental and economic performance. These finding s validate the technical superiority of the proposed approach in enhancing energy utilization efficiency and system flexibility.