Research on Cooperative Scheduling of Thermal Power Units and Charging Stations of New Energy Vehicles Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

This paper introduces a multi-objective optimization framework that synthesizes the costs associated with thermal power generation, energy storage operations, revenues from electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, and the efficiency of renewable energy utilization. The proposed model seeks to optimize multiple objectives concurrently: it minimizes overall system operational expenses by addressing both the cost of thermal power units—through segmented linearization of their nonlinear generation cost functions—and the operational expenditures of the energy storage systems. Concurrently, it maximizes the revenue generated by EV charging stations across varying timeframes, leveraging time-of-use tariff strategies to enhance economic benefits. What’s more, the model underscores the importance of optimizing the integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power and solar photovoltaic generation, thereby reducing dependency on fossil fuels and mitigating carbon emissions. By incorporating binary and auxiliary variables, the framework adeptly resolves the complex constraints surrounding thermal generating units, including start-stop limitations, ramp rate restrictions, and minimum up/down times, while ensuring the efficient consumption of intermittent wind and photovoltaic (PV) outputs. When only considering the thermal power unit-energy storage system co-optimization, the quadratic programming model solution time is $\mathbf{1. 2 5 s}$, and we linearize the thermal power unit operation cost function and transform it into the mixedinteger programming model, which shortens the solution time by $28.8 \%$, and the comprehensive running cost is $83,680.37$ yuan. After the introduction of cooperative scheduling of new energy vehicle charging stations, the comprehensive operating cost is $79,018.23$ yuan, saving $5.6 \%$ of the system cost, and maximizing the consumption of new energy generation. It strives to realize the double enhancement of economic and environmental benefits.