Exploration and Prospect of Hydrogen Energy Preparation Technology

This paper focuses on the exploration and prospects of hydrogen production technologies, a key area in the global energy transition. A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the main current hydrogen production methods, including natural gas steam reforming, partial oxidation of oil, coal gasification, alkaline water electrolysis, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, biomass gasification, and photocatalytic water splitting. By reviewing the underlying principles, current development status, and existing challenges of these technologies, the study summarises the key limitations faced by hydrogen production methods, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development pathway and future research priorities in this field. The future of hydrogen production is moving towards low-carbon and sustainable solutions. Coupling different hydrogen production technologies to harness their respective advantages can facilitate efficient energy conversion and utilisation. In parallel, overcoming technical barriers, improving cost-effectiveness, and strengthening policy support are essential for the large-scale application of hydrogen energy and for accelerating the transition towards a clean energy future.