Symmetrical Geometric-Shaped Metamaterial Absorber for Different Water-sensing Applications at 5.7 GHz

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the design and assessment of a sensor that is based on metamaterials and is capable of detecting both clean water and water that has been contaminated. The absorber demonstrates polarization angle insensitivity, maintaining performance up to 180° incident angles, making it suitable for diverse practical applications. Using sophisticated design techniques and computer simulations, the reflection coefficient of the sensor was studied. Within the frequency range of between 2 and 8 GHz, performance was evaluated using various water samples, including energy drink combinations, saline water, distilled water, and pure water. At a resonance frequency of 5.711 GHz, the sensor exhibited a reflection coefficient equivalent to -40.98 decibels. The resonance frequency revealed a shift of 0.018 GHz while detecting clean water sources. To demonstrate its excellent accuracy and dependability, the sensor obtained a high-quality factor of 272.95, a sensitivity of 0.0734, and a figure of merit of 20.034. The findings demonstrate the sensor's adaptability, making it an essential instrument in various industrial contexts, including microfluidics, quality control, and other areas.