Low-Carbon Optimal Dispatch for Wind Photovoltaics Hydrogen and Energy Storage Integrated Multi-Energy System Considering Demand Response

Multi-energy integrated system (MEIS) contains wind generation, photovoltaics (PV) generation, hydrogen storage and energy storage, which can promote energy utilization efficiency by leveraging temporal complementarity between wind and PV generation and peak-shaving capability of energy storage systems through coordinated utilization of multiple energy sources. However, the inherent volatility of renewable energy generation and the uncertainty in load demand may decrease system stability significantly or reduce economic performance. This study proposes a low-carbon optimal dispatch model for MEIS considering demand response to reduce system operating costs and carbon emissions through source-load coordination. First, a MEIS architecture integrating wind, PV and hydrogen storage is established. Second, a tiered carbon trading mechanism with incentive coefficients is introduced to further optimize carbon emission reduction through differentiated pricing and dynamic incentive measures. Finally, an integrated demand response mechanism combining price-based guidance and substitution strategies is implemented to facilitate load-side participation in system regulation, with the CPLEX solver employed for solution optimization. Case studies demonstrate that the proposed strategy can effectively mitigate renewable energy fluctuations, increase hydrogen utilization rate by 26.17%, reduce system carbon emissions, and improve overall economic performance by 13%, validating the model's superiority in both economic and environmental aspects. This research provides theoretical references for hydrogen-energy coordinated scheduling in renewable energy-dominated power systems.