Defining and characterizing intelligent robots

Purpose The 2020s are characterized by the rising use of non-human agents in businesses due to new opportunities for artificial intelligence (AI) at work. Although these so-called intelligent robots have been present in organizations before, they are now obtaining much higher robot intelligence levels. The diverse range of robots necessitates a deeper understanding of robot-related intelligence, especially because the term “intelligent robot” is often used imprecisely. This study derives a definition and characterization with minimum requirements for labeling a machine as a robot and a robot as an intelligent robot, providing a foundation for future exploration. Design/methodology/approach We present a structured literature analysis (i.e. using the systematic literature review or SLR method), followed by an iterative artefact development approach (i.e. using design-science research). The objective is to derive a comprehensive definition and characterization of intelligent robots. Findings The study identifies critical criteria to differentiate intelligent robots from other machines and robots. It highlights the increasing role of intelligent robots in business process management and information systems fields and underscores the need for consistent terminology. Our findings help scholars avoid inconsistencies when referring to intelligent robots and help focus future research. Research limitations/implications Since the findings are based on existing literature and iterative theoretical development, their applicability may be limited in rapidly evolving contexts. Hence, we also suggest future empirical validation and refinement in diverse organizational settings. Practical implications The definition and characterization support practitioners in identifying and implementing intelligent robots effectively in business processes. This understanding aids in communication between stakeholders and the strategic integration of robotic technologies. Originality/value This study contributes to robotics and AI literature by addressing the conceptual vagueness surrounding intelligent robots.