Launch and operation of the PIKACHU experiment to search for double beta decay in 160Gd

$^{160}$Gd is a candidate for double beta decay with relatively high natural abundance (21.9%). However, its low Q-value (1.73 MeV) makes the observation of even the two-neutrino double beta decay (2$\nu$2$\beta$) extremely challenging. The most sensitive search used a 2 inch Gd$_2$SiO$^5$ (GSO) scintillator. However, they was not able to observe 2$\nu$2$\beta$ due to significant background from intrinsic radioactive impurities which are uranium and thorium decay chains. Consequently, they established a lower limit of 1.9$\times$10$^{19}$ years on the 2$\nu$2$\beta$ half-life ($T^{2\nu}_{1/2}$). Theoretical prediction suggests $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}$ of approximately 7.4$\times$10$^{20}$ years. The PIKACHU experiment was designed to observe $^{160}$Gd 2$\nu$2$\beta$ by employing large Gd$_3$Ga$_3$Al$_2$O$_{12}$ (GAGG) single crystals. GAGG offers several advantages over GSO: higher light yield, possibility of pulse shape discrimination, and a higher $^{160}$Gd content by increasing in size. We planned two phases: Phase 1 aims to search 2$\nu$2$\beta$ in $^{160}$Gd with the best sensitivity in the world, and then, Phase 2 is intended to achieve a sensitivity approximately an order of magnitude better than previous study, with the goal of observing the decay. In this conference, I introduced the concept of the PIKACHU experiment, present on the development of high-purity GAGG crystals, and report the current status of data acquisition and analysis for Phase 1.

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Publication Details

Published
2025-09-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.22323/1.495.0032
Primary Topic
Neutrino Physics Research
Type
article
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article

Launch and operation of the PIKACHU experiment to search for double beta decay in 160Gd

Yasuhiro Shoji, Nobuo Hinohara, K. Mizukoshi, T. Iida et al.
Neutrino Physics Research
article

Launch and operation of the PIKACHU experiment to search for double beta decay in 160Gd

Yasuhiro Shoji, Nobuo Hinohara, K. Mizukoshi, T. Iida, Masao Yoshino, Kei Kamada, A. Gando, K. Hosokawa, K. Fushimi, Masatoshi Ishigami, Kyohei Nakajima, Tadafumi Kishimoto, T. Omori, Shotaro Ishidate
article en

Abstract

$^{160}$Gd is a candidate for double beta decay with relatively high natural abundance (21.9%). However, its low Q-value (1.73 MeV) makes the observation of even the two-neutrino double beta decay (2$\nu$2$\beta$) extremely challenging. The most sensitive search used a 2 inch Gd$_2$SiO$^5$ (GSO) scintillator. However, they was not able to observe 2$\nu$2$\beta$ due to significant background from intrinsic radioactive impurities which are uranium and thorium decay chains. Consequently, they established a lower limit of 1.9$\times$10$^{19}$ years on the 2$\nu$2$\beta$ half-life ($T^{2\nu}_{1/2}$). Theoretical prediction suggests $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}$ of approximately 7.4$\times$10$^{20}$ years. The PIKACHU experiment was designed to observe $^{160}$Gd 2$\nu$2$\beta$ by employing large Gd$_3$Ga$_3$Al$_2$O$_{12}$ (GAGG) single crystals. GAGG offers several advantages over GSO: higher light yield, possibility of pulse shape discrimination, and a higher $^{160}$Gd content by increasing in size. We planned two phases: Phase 1 aims to search 2$\nu$2$\beta$ in $^{160}$Gd with the best sensitivity in the world, and then, Phase 2 is intended to achieve a sensitivity approximately an order of magnitude better than previous study, with the goal of observing the decay. In this conference, I introduced the concept of the PIKACHU experiment, present on the development of high-purity GAGG crystals, and report the current status of data acquisition and analysis for Phase 1.

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Neutrino Physics Research
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