Interface-Engineered 2D MoS₂ Nanopetals-PVDF-Based Biocompatible Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Nanofibers for Implantable Device Applications

Piezoelectric and triboelectric materials with a higher degree of biocompatibility have garnered significant interest in the development of implantable devices. In this work, we have developed piezoelectric nanofibers based on MoS2-PVDF with excellent piezoelectric/triboelectric response for implantable device applications. Initially, four nanofibrous membranes were prepared by varying the concentration of MoS2 in the PVDF matrix. The ferroelectric characteristics of the synthesized nanofibers were analyzed via P–E hysteresis studies, showcasing that PVDF-MoS2 nanofibers manifest a remarkable ferroelectric profile. The PVDF-MoS2 nanofibers exhibited a maximum piezoelectric voltage and a current of 1.6 μA and 23 V, respectively, and a maximum triboelectric output of 4.03 μA and 63 V, respectively. The cytocompatibility investigations of PVDF-MoS2 nanofibers were executed through the MTT assay and Live/dead assay on L929 cell lines. The cytocompatibility studies demonstrate that PVDF-MoS2 nanofibers exhibit remarkable cellular viability and proliferation rate. Hemocompatibility investigations conducted on PVDF-MoS2 nanofibers, employing hemolytic assays and blood cell aggregation studies, unequivocally reveal that these nanofibers demonstrate resistance to hemolysis and do not exhibit any red blood cell or platelet aggregation. The developed PVDF-MoS2 nanofibers with exceptional piezoelectric, triboelectric, cytocompatible, and hemocompatible attributes make them promising candidates for implantable device applications.