Inline Implementation of a Multi-Breathhold 3D Cine Framework: A Feasibility Study

Motivation: Current 2D cine CMR is acquired slice-by-slice in prospectively planned views, leading to many breathholds and highly skilled operator input at scan time. Goal(s): Developing isotropic 3D cine CMR for reduced scan complexity and time, with images being retrospectively reformattable into desired slice positions. Approach: A multi-breathhold framework with 2-region k-space sampling that is varied across cardiac phases and breathholds, and reconstruction with temporal regularization and integrated motion-compensation. Results: Excellent ability of the proposed framework to depict diastolic/systolic phases and handle inter-breathhold motion was seen in 4 healthy subjects and 2 patients. Impact: We propose a 3D cine CMR framework acquiring data efficiently over 2-3 of breathholds and a reconstruction that can handle potential inter-breathhold motion. Images can be retrospectively reformatted into desired slice positions minimising operator input at scan time.