Evaluation of Hearing in Patients Undergoing Type 1 Tympanoplasty

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical results of type 1 tympanoplasty performed in our clinic. Methods: This retrospective analysis included eighty patients who underwent type I tympanoplasty for tympanic membrane perforation in the otorhinolaryngology department of between January 2019 and December 2022. We determined the mean hearing levels by averaging the hearing thresholds at 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz. Researchers examined the differences in air-bone gaps before and after tympanoplasty between the groups. Researchers evaluated pre- and postoperative air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), and air-bone gap (ABG) between groups using paired t-tests. Results: This study involved 80 patients, comprising 45 males and 35 females. The mean age was 33.8 ± 15.3 years. Out of 80 patients, 38 (47.5%) exhibited disease in the right ear, 33 (41.25%) had disease solely in the left ear, and nine patients (11.25%) were affected in both ears. The existence of central perforation was the most ordinary observation (43.75%). In the present investigation, we noticed that 100% of patients had hearing thresholds of more than 30 dB. The preoperative air-bone tract gap ratio was 38.3. The postoperative air-bone tract gap ratio was 22.8. 74 of 80 patients (92.5%) showed remarkable surgical success with graft harvesting, with just four patients having residual tympanic membrane perforation and two with graft medialisation. Out of 80 patients, 71 (88.75%) have restored to normal hearing, while only 9 (11.25%) remain in the category of mild deafness. The mean of the preoperative air-bone gap is 38.3 Db; however, postoperatively, the air-bone gap is 23.98 Db. Improvement in the air-bone gap is 14.32 Db. Conclusions: Type 1 tympanoplasty employing temporalis fascia is a reliable method for mending tympanic membrane perforations and boosting hearing results. The procedure achieves great air bone gap closure and enhances patients' auditory function. However, individual variables such as age, perforation size, and surgical procedure must be acknowledged when quantifying postoperative hearing improvement. Keywords: