Needs Analysis of English-Language Use of Tourism Personnel in Xi’an, China

This study investigated the English language needs and self-perceived proficiency of tourism personnel in Xi’an to improve the design of ESP courses for vocational education. It makes a significant contribution to bridging the gap between the current Tourism English course and the real-world work demands of China’s tourism industry. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitative data were gathered from 104 tour guides and office staff using a structured questionnaire, and qualitative data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with five experienced practitioners. Both instruments were self-developed and validated through standard procedures to ensure content reliability and validity. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the survey results, and thematic analysis was applied to interpret the interview transcripts. The results reported that listening and speaking are the most commonly used and valued skills, while reading and writing were considered secondary. Participants expressed confidence in performing template-based tasks; nevertheless, they reported difficulties with spontaneous communication situations, professional reading, and creative writing. It is recommended that future Tourism English courses should emphasize oral communication training, such as scenario-based practice, real-world simulations, and role-play activities. Instructors are encouraged to provide timely feedback and facilitate students to communicate more spontaneously. These findings provide practical guidance for designing more targeted and workplace-oriented English instruction for tourism professionals in similar contexts