Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus among women in the northern region of Saudi Arabia

Objective: This study zaimed to assess the awareness of Saudi women about gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A cross-sectional study using an observational design was carried out among 273 Saudi Arabian women in the northern region. A self-administered electronic questionnaire was sent out, comprising 17 items intended to gauge knowledge and cognizance regarding GDM, in addition to sociodemographic information. The questions evaluated participants' knowledge of GDM by addressing risk factors, treatment choices, assessment methodologies, and implications of the condition. Results: Forty-one (15.0%) women had a prior history of GDM. Regarding awareness of GDM, an overwhelming majority (86.4%) exhibited poor knowledge, 13.6% had moderate knowledge, and none demonstrated good knowledge. The mean awareness score was 6.33 ± 2.83 out of 19. Key gaps were identified in understanding risk factors, diagnosis timing, and postnatal screening. Women aged 26-35 years, those with obesity, those employed in the health sector, and those who knew someone with GDM showed significantly higher awareness levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed significant knowledge gaps about GDM among women in northern Saudi Arabia, particularly in diagnosis timing, risk factors, and postnatal screening. Younger women, those in the medical field, and those familiar with GDM showed higher awareness. To prevent complications, improving women's knowledge through prenatal education, tailored campaigns, and digital platforms is essential.