The effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on Dickkopf‐1 and secreted Frizzled‐Related Protein 5 levels

In the human body, bone tissue is in a state of constant balance of production and destruction. This balance supports the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of the skeleton and the regulation of calcium and phosphorus levels. Bone markers have been developed to monitor various bone diseases and the effect of treatments without any interventional procedures. Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1) and secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 (sFRP5) are two of the current bone markers that play a role in the balance of bone formation and destruction in the human body. The presence of these molecules in periodontal diseases, which cause inflammation and bone destruction in the gingiva surrounding the teeth, is not yet clear. In this study, Dkk-1 and sFRP5 levels were investigated in periodontal diseases, and the effect of treatment of periodontal diseases on these molecules was evaluated. In the transition from periodontal disease to health, Dkk-1 levels decreased while sFRP5 levels increased. Consistent with these results, Dkk-1 levels decreased in all groups after treatment, while sFRP5 levels increased. In conclusion, Dkk-1 and sFRP5 may serve as valuable markers for the early diagnosis of periodontal disease, and non-surgical periodontal treatment may significantly affect the levels of these markers, demonstrating their potential utility in monitoring treatment outcomes.