Decision Framework for Reverse Logistics Models of Decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades

To address the recycling challenges posed by the global peak of wind turbine blade retirement, this study aims to establish a decision-making model for reverse logistics modes of decommissioned blades, resolving the multi-agent collaborative optimization problem under ultra-high logistics cost constraints. Based on the characteristics of centralized sourcing and determinable elements in blade reverse logistics, we developed three models dominated by wind power equipment manufacturers, operators, and third-party enterprises, respectively. The research analyzes influencing factors on reverse logistics mode selection and proposes a threshold decision mechanism for mode selection. Key findings reveal: technological strength serves as the core driver for manufacturer-dominated models; channel efficiency determines the applicability of operator-led models; insufficient economies of scale may hinder third-party model development. This study provides decision-making foundations for the resource utilization of decommissioned blades.