Influences of Dissolved Oxygen and Microbubbles on Heat Generation at Defect Under Immersion Sonic-IR Testing

The sonic-IR method is an innovative approach to defect detection. Ultrasonic waves are input to the inspection object, and the frictional heat generated by friction with the defect interfaces is detected by an infrared camera. A notable advantage of this method is its superior detection ability to detect closure defects that are often missed by other inspection methods. However, the conventional Sonic-IR method of pressing an ultrasonic transducer directly against the inspection object may cause deformation or surface damage, depending on the material and shape of the object. As a method to solve this problem, the immersion Sonic-IR testing, in which ultrasonic waves are input to the inspection object through water, has been proposed. However, this method has a problem in defect detectability because of the small frictional heat at the defects. Large-diameter bubbles in water are difficult to collapse and also cause scattering and attenuation of ultrasonic waves. In contrast, small-diameter bubbles are easily collapsed so that cavitation, which is a source of vibrational energy, is likely to occur. The objective of this study is to investigate the influences of dissolved oxygen and microbubbles on the sound pressure level in the water and heat generation at defects in order to improve the defect detectability of the immersion Sonic-IR testing.