Condiciones clínicas preexistentes como determinantes del pronóstico en infecciones por SARS-CoV-2

SARS-CoV-2 infections have shown highly heterogeneous clinical behavior, largely influenced by preexisting comorbidities. This study examines the impact of conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic pulmonary disorders on the severity and outcomes of COVID-19. Based on a systematic review of recent studies, it is evident that these pathologies not only increase the risk of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mortality but also influence immune responses and treatment efficacy. Early recognition of these conditions allows for more accurate risk stratification and the application of individualized clinical strategies. This research highlights the necessity of incorporating comorbidity assessment into COVID-19 patient management protocols, encouraging a preventive and predictive medical approach.