Alteraciones neurodegenerativas vinculadas al compromiso vascular crónico en pacientes hipertensos

Sustained arterial hypertension is one of the most significant risk factors contributing to progressive cognitive decline in the adult population. The link between chronic vascular damage and neurodegenerative processes has been extensively studied, highlighting how prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation contribute to synaptic loss and neuronal death. This review examines scientific evidence on the impact of uncontrolled hypertension on brain structure and function, particularly in areas involved in memory and attention. Additionally, the role of neurovascular mechanisms in the development of various forms of dementia—especially those of vascular origin—is assessed. Early identification of cognitive symptoms and effective blood pressure management are essential strategies to prevent related neurological deterioration. The study advocates for an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates clinical monitoring, pharmacological treatment, and lifestyle modifications as essential components for reducing long-term cognitive impairment in hypertensive individuals.