Factores determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud de pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular. Una revisión sistemática

This study, through a systematic review, analyzes the determining factors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients who have suffered cerebrovascular accident (CVA), one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Based on a review of 12 articles published between 2019 and 2023, with a total of 2,343 patients, variables affecting HRQoL were identified: advanced age, female sex, type and severity of stroke, comorbidities, functional dependence, depression, anxiety, pain/discomfort, and limitations in mobility and daily activities. Ischemic stroke predominated (95.8%). The most commonly used instrument for assessment was the EQ-5D, validated as effective in measuring HRQoL. The results show that the most affected dimensions are physical quality, pain/discomfort, and functionality. Factors such as adequate rehabilitation, social support, and cognitive intervention programs can significantly improve quality of life. It is concluded that stroke negatively impacts both the physical and emotional aspects of patients, and that personalized interventions, early detection of emotional problems, and multidisciplinary work are key to optimizing recovery. Systematic assessment of HRQoL and emotional status is recommended to guide effective care strategies.