The Impact of Exchange Rate Fluctuations on the Export Trade of Emerging Economies and Corresponding Corporate Response Strategies

In the context of global economic integration, exchange rate fluctuations have become more frequent and volatile, posing significant challenges to the export-oriented economies of emerging markets. These fluctuations affect export competitiveness, market demand, and corporate profitability. This paper examines the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on exports from emerging economies using data from 2010 to 2022. It finds that short-term sharp fluctuations undermine export competitiveness, while long-term misalignment reduces export volume by an average of 2.7% annually, with high-tech products being 42% more affected than primary products. Corporate profitability responds asymmetrically: a 10% depreciation of the local currency boosts profit margins by 1.5%, whereas an equivalent appreciation cuts them by 3.2%. Based on these insights, this paper suggests establishing a comprehensive response system through financial instruments, dynamic pricing, and market diversification. The study shows that market diversification can reduce risk exposure by 28%, and increasing supply chain localization by 10% can enhance risk resistance by 5.6%, offering references for policy and strategy formulation.