Optimization of Minimal Fuel Consumption in Inclination Transfers Using Hohmann Maneuvers

This study presents an optimization framework for minimizing fuel consumption during orbital transfers involving significant inclination changes, specifically focusing on transfers from a low Earth orbit (LEO) at 28.6 inclination to a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) at 0 inclination.The research employs analytical and numerical methods, including a genetic algorithm for optimization to evaluate the total velocity increment (V) required for various maneuver strategies utilizing the classical Hohmann transfer.By systematically analyzing the effects of splitting the inclination change between the perigee and apogee impulses, the study identifies the optimal distribution that yields the lowest total V.The results indicate that allocating a minor portion of the inclination change at perigee and the majority at apogee significantly reduces the overall fuel requirement compared to traditional single-point plane change maneuvers.These findings offer valuable insights for mission planners seeking to enhance propellant efficiency in LEO-to-GEO transfers and contribute to the broader field of orbital mechanics and mission design optimization.