A Wireless Sensor Network-Based Narrow Beam Steering Antenna Array or Indoor Positioning Systems

Indoor positioning systems (IPS) are increasingly vital for applications in smart homes, healthcare, industrial automation, and navigation within complex indoor environments.Traditional positioning technologies, such as GPS, fail to provide accurate localization indoors due to signal attenuation, multipath propagation, and interference.This research explores the integration of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with narrow beam steering antenna arrays to achieve precise indoor localization.WSNs offer scalable, flexible, and low-cost deployment of sensor nodes, while narrow beam antennas enhance signal directionality, improve signal-tonoise ratio, and reduce interference.The study investigates the design and implementation of a beam-steered antenna array combined with WSN-based localization algorithms, focusing on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Angle of Arrival (AoA), and adaptive beamforming techniques.Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system significantly improves localization accuracy, energy efficiency, and robustness in multipath-rich indoor environments.This research provides a framework for real-time tracking of sensor nodes and offers insights into optimizing antenna array design, beamforming strategies, and WSN deployment for high-performance indoor positioning systems.