Knowledge, dietary habits, and perception of hypertension risk factors among undergraduates in Owerri

Hypertension is a major global health challenge and a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study examined dietary practices, knowledge, and perceptions of hypertension among 438 undergraduate students at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, using a structured questionnaire. Knowledge about hypertension was high (89%), but misconceptions persisted, with 69.6% believing hypertension presents with early symptoms. Informal sources were the predominant means of knowledge acquisition (62.6%), raising concerns about accuracy. Dietary patterns revealed frequent consumption of starchy foods, sugary beverages, and energy drinks, which are linked to increased hypertension risk, alongside moderate intake of fruits and vegetables. Positive perceptions regarding salt reduction (92.4%) and exercise (80.8%) suggest effective public health messaging, yet gaps remain concerning processed foods and beverage-related risks. No significant association was found between starch and beverage consumption and knowledge levels across genders. However, a significant association was observed between dietary practices and perceptions among females (p = 0.005), suggesting gender differences in how diet influences attitudes towards hypertension. These findings emphasize that awareness alone does not consistently translate into healthier practices. Targeted, gender-sensitive interventions that integrate accurate health education with behavioral strategies, environmental supports, and access to affordable healthy foods are needed. Strengthening campus-based health promotion programs to correct misconceptions and encourage healthier eating behaviors is critical for reducing hypertension risk and improving long-term health outcomes among university students.