Surgical Curative Approach for Severe Hypertension in Select Patients With Underrecognized Rare Renal Tumors: A Case Report

Juxtaglomerular cell tumors (JCTs), also known as reninomas, are rare masses with an extremely low risk of malignancy, but their endocrine activity can lead to medication-resistant hypertension and electrolyte imbalances, which may harm patients. Approximately 150 cases have been documented in the literature. In this report, we describe the case of a 40-year-old male with a complex cystic renal mass, prior hemorrhagic strokes, and hypertension who underwent surgical resection. The final pathology confirmed a JCT, marking the first case on record diagnosed at our institution in 20 years. Following surgery, the patient's hypertension improved, and his need for medication decreased. We suggest that physicians managing renal masses that are otherwise suitable for surveillance should include JCT in their differential diagnosis and consider surgical removal if hypertension is present.