Impact of Glycemic Variability on Prognosis in Sepsis Patients

Sepsis patients frequently develop metabolic disorders due to the uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators, leading to significant fluctuations in blood glucose levels and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Glycemic variability (GV), an indicator reflecting blood glucose fluctuations, is closely associated with mortality in sepsis patients. Studies have demonstrated that 40% - 60% of sepsis patients exhibit hyperglycemia, while severe hyperglycemia (≥200 mg/dL) or low GV (κB and MAPK compared to stable hyperglycemia, thereby promoting inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Furthermore, immune and metabolic dysregulation in sepsis patients further aggravates GV, forming a vicious cycle. Clinical data confirm that elevated GV is positively correlated with all-cause mortality in sepsis patients, whereas stringent control of glycemic fluctuations may improve prognosis. Future research should further explore GV modulation strategies to optimize blood glucose management in sepsis patients and reduce mortality rates.